Web of Semantic: Universal Journal on Innovative Education

Dynamics Of Photosynthetic Pigments And Correlation With Grain Yield In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Varieties Under The Influence Of Nitrogen Fertilizers

Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article investigates the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates on the content of leaf pigments and grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions on the rice varieties “Sadaf,” “Ziynat,” and “Billur.” Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the levels of chlorophyll “a,” chlorophyll “b,” total chlorophyll, and carotenoids in the leaves. The results showed that increasing nitrogen rates led to an increase in leaf pigment content. The highest values were observed at N120–150 rates. Correlation analysis revealed a relationship between chlorophyll “a” and total chlorophyll content with grain yield (r = 0.72–0.91). Variety-specific analysis indicated that in the “Sadaf” variety, the correlation between pigment content and yield was the highest. The findings confirm that leaf pigment content is an important indicator for assessing the yield potential of rice varieties.

Improving the Organizational and Legal Mechanisms for Combating the Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

Kuziev Dilshod Akhrorovich — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the issues of improving organizational and legal mechanisms for combating the illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It identifies contemporary forms of drug-related threats, including transboundary channels, "contactless" distribution through the Internet and messaging platforms, the use of crypto-payments, and the activities of illegal drug laboratories. The study substantiates the need for an integrated organizational and legal approach that combines prevention, operational-search activities, investigation, financial monitoring, border control, and rehabilitation measures. Particular attention is paid to strengthening interagency cooperation based on the principle of a "single information contour," as well as the application of Early Warning Systems (EWS), OSINT tools, blockchain analytics, and GIS technologies. The article formulates scientifically grounded proposals for improving national legislation aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of drug crime prevention and public safety.

Integration of Professionalism into the Process of Teaching Russian to Students of Technical Specialties in a Multiethnic Audience

Norbibish Sharopovna Rakhimova — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article considers the problem of the formation of professional and communicative competence among students of national groups of technical universities in the process of learning the Russian language. The relevance of the research is due to the contradiction between the high requirements for the language of the specialty and the insufficient development of methods for introducing non-standard vocabulary (professionalisms, jargonisms and slang) into the educational process. The purpose of the work is to theoretically substantiate and present a practical methodology for using professionalism as a means of intensifying the teaching of the Russian language to future engineers. The author highlights the linguodidactic principles of lexical material selection, describes the stages of working with professionalism, and suggests types of exercises that help students to be prepared for real professional communication in Russian. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the Russian approach to professionally oriented education and the European ESP (English for Specific Purposes) model, as well as issues of interdepartmental interaction as a condition for the effective implementation of the proposed methodology.

Tracing the Roots: Historical Development of the Roman and Germanic Languages

Hamidova Layloxon Sulaymonovna — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article explores the historical evolution, linguistic transformations, and mutual influences of the Roman and Germanic languages from their Indo-European origins to their modern descendants. It aims to trace the complex interactions between phonological, morphological, and semantic systems that shaped the development of these two major branches of the Indo-European family. Using comparative linguistic and historical analysis, the paper identifies the sociocultural, political, and geographical factors that contributed to language differentiation and convergence across centuries. Special attention is given to Latin and Old High German as foundational sources for the Romance and Germanic groups, respectively. The study also highlights the role of migration, trade, and Christianization in promoting lexical exchange and structural shifts within these linguistic domains.

Problems of Forming a Linguistic Base When Creating a Corpus

Mahmudova Dildora Murodilloyevna — Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The development of a linguistic foundation for corpus construction poses a number of important difficulties that may have an impact on the final dataset's quality and usability. The ambiguity in defining the corpus's scope and purpose is one of the main problems, which might cause the texts chosen to be out of alignment. This could lead to a corpus that is not representative enough to capture the variety of language use across various groups and circumstances.

Another difficulty is gathering data, especially when it comes to accessibility and copyright limitations that restrict the variety of texts that can be included. Additionally, if the corpus is unduly concentrated on particular genres or linguistic variants while ignoring others, sampling bias may result.

Affective Transmutation: Bridging Emotional Representation from Literary Discourse to Cinematic Adaptation

Ollomurodov Arjunbek Orifjonovich — Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article investigates the complex processes involved in the affective transmutation of emotional content from literary narratives to cinematic adaptations. We contend that the inherent semiotics of literary emotion, frequently conveyed through linguistic precision, internal monologue, and reader-constructed imagery, undergoes significant re-mediation when translated into the multimodal, sensory experience of film. This cinematic rendition relies heavily on visual composition, sound design, actor performance, and temporal manipulation to elicit and shape audience affect. Drawing upon theories from cognitive poetics, adaptation studies, semiotics, and neuroaesthetics, we propose a framework for analyzing the challenges and strategic solutions employed in bridging the "intermedial affective gap" between textual representation and audiovisual evocation. Through a comparative case study centered on the adaptation of "Gone with the Wind," we examine how specific literary techniques for affective portrayal find their cinematic equivalents or novel solutions, such as the use of subjective camera work, character gaze, and sophisticated musical leitmotifs. This research aims to provide a systematic understanding of the creative and cognitive strategies involved in transforming emotional experiences across media, contributing to both adaptation theory and the empirical study of emotion in narrative forms.

The Origins and Fundamental Principles of Futurism in Literature

Mavlonova Saidabonu Anvarovna — Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Futurism emerged in the early twentieth century as one of the most radical avant-garde movements in art and literature. It rejected traditional aesthetic norms and celebrated speed, technological progress, industrial development, and the transformation of modern society. The purpose of this article is to analyze the historical origins and theoretical principles of Futurism in literature. The research applies historical, analytical, and comparative methods to examine the emergence of Futurism and its aesthetic foundations. The results demonstrate that Futurism developed as a cultural response to modernization and technological change. The movement introduced innovative literary techniques, experimental language structures, and a new perception of artistic expression focused on dynamism and modernity. The study concludes that Futurism played a significant role in shaping modern literary discourse and influenced later avant-garde movements.

Test Results on the Biological Effectiveness of the Herbicide Kataryus Bereke Against Annual and Perennial Weeds in Rice Fields in the Conditions of Tashkent Region

Thu, 19 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

According to the results of the study conducted in this article, the application of the herbicide Kataryus bereke at a rate of 0.5 l/ha against annual weeds in rice crops led to the destruction of weeds, the biological efficiency was 94.9% compared to annual cereal weeds. In the experiment, when using the herbicide Kataryus bereke at a rate of 0.5 l/ha, the yield of rice grain was 1.14 tonns higher than the control in the Tashkent region. Taking into account the biological efficiency of the herbicide Kataryus bereke , it is recommended to use 0.5 l/ha against annual cereal weeds in rice crops. It is recommended to carry out tillage work when weeds have developed 3-4 leaves in wet soil.

Ecological Culture – A Guarantee of Green Economic Development

Madraximov Atabek Abduraximovich — Thu, 19 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses the importance and role of ecological culture in the development of a green economy. The term green economy was introduced into science by British environmental economists in 1989, and is sometimes used together with the term Green Growth. Green economy is a methodology of the economy that supports the harmonious interaction between humanity and nature and tries to satisfy both needs at the same time. After all, ecology is a science. Science is dialectically related to production, that's for sure. But in our opinion, a huge and significant foundation of a green economy is healthy nature and its high-quality eco-components.

Development of Health-Saving Competencies of Students in Mastering the Subject "Biology"

D. D Sharipova, R. N Temirbekova — Thu, 19 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the development of students' health-promoting competencies in the Biology subject, which has significant potential for fostering scientific understanding of human health and the factors that contribute to its preservation and improvement. The paper examines the pedagogical conditions and methods for developing health-promoting competencies in biology lessons, as well as the teacher's role in developing students' awareness of their own health. It is noted that the introduction of health-promoting educational technologies contributes to the development of sustainable healthy lifestyle habits in schoolchildren.

The History of Jewelry Art in the Development of Applied Decorative Arts in Uzbekistan

Bekmuratov Ne'matjon Ahmadjonovich, Khakimova Madinabonu Kozimjon qizi — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Jewelry art occupies a significant place in the development of applied decorative arts in Uzbekistan, reflecting the rich cultural heritage, aesthetic values, and craftsmanship traditions of the region. Historically, Uzbek jewelry evolved through interactions with ancient civilizations, trade routes such as the Silk Road, and diverse socio-cultural influences. Traditional jewelry not only served decorative purposes but also carried symbolic meanings related to social status, spirituality, protection, and identity. This paper explores the historical stages of jewelry art development in Uzbekistan, its regional stylistic features, materials and techniques, and its role in preserving national artistic traditions. The study also examines contemporary transformations of jewelry craftsmanship in the context of globalization, modernization, and cultural revival policies. Understanding the historical evolution of jewelry art contributes to strengthening cultural continuity and promoting the sustainable development of applied decorative arts in Uzbekistan.

Translating Science: Effective Communication of Pharmacological Information to Patients and Practitioners

Movlanova Ra’no, Salohiddinova Ruxshona — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Effective communication of pharmacological information is vital to ensure the safe, rational, and evidence-based use of medicines. Translating complex scientific data into clear, patient-friendly language helps improve adherence, reduce medication errors, and strengthen trust between healthcare professionals and patients. This article explores the principles and strategies of translating scientific and pharmacological information for different audiences — including practitioners, pharmacists, and patients. It highlights the role of health literacy, cultural adaptation, and digital communication tools in bridging the gap between science and society. Finally, the paper suggests methods to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration and improve pharmacological translation practices in modern healthcare systems.

Formation of Soft Skills in Preschool Children Based on Digital Technologies

Xolamatova Dilshoda Sherali qizi — Sun, 29 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly transformed early childhood education practices worldwide. This study examines the role of digital tools in developing soft skills among preschool children within the context of Uzbekistan’s evolving educational system. Using interactive educational applications, multimedia resources, and digital games, preschool educators can enhance children’s communication, collaboration, creativity, and problem-solving abilities. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach combining teacher surveys, classroom observations, and analysis of children’s behavioral outcomes. Findings indicate that the purposeful integration of digital technologies improves children’s social interaction, emotional regulation, and engagement in learning activities. However, challenges such as unequal access to digital infrastructure and limited teacher training remain critical barriers. The study highlights the importance of pedagogically guided digital integration to ensure balanced cognitive, social, and emotional development in early childhood education.

The Impact of Digitalization on the Development of Self-Regulation in Children Aged 5–6

Azmetova Zulfira Nurmat qizi — Sun, 29 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid digital transformation of educational environments has created new opportunities for supporting the development of self-regulation skills in early childhood. This study explores how digital technologies influence the formation of self-management abilities among children aged 5–6 within preschool educational settings. The research highlights the role of interactive learning applications, digital games, and multimedia content in enhancing attention control, emotional regulation, and goal-oriented behavior. Using observational data and teacher feedback, the study demonstrates that structured digital activities can foster independence, decision-making, and persistence in task completion. However, excessive or unguided use of digital tools may negatively affect behavioral regulation and social interaction. The findings emphasize the importance of pedagogically balanced digital integration to ensure the holistic development of preschool children’s cognitive and socio-emotional competencies.

Application of Heterocyclic Amide Complexes with Succinates in Agriculture

A. D. Dusmatova, K. K. Shadmanov, L. X. Dusmatova — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents the synthesis and investigation of coordination compounds of succinates of first-row transition biometals—Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)—with heterocyclic amides such as nicotinamide, isonicotinic acid hydrazide, phthivazide, larusan, and metazide. The composition, structure, and coordination modes of the complexes were determined using IR, NMR, EPR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and quantum chemical calculations. The competitive coordination behavior of amides and succinate dianions was found to depend on the nature of the central metal ion and synthesis conditions. Based on the synthesized complexes, a plant growth-stimulating preparation, TA-97, was developed. Laboratory and field experiments demonstrated a significant increase in seed germination and cotton yield. Toxicological studies confirmed that TA-97 belongs to the low-toxicity class, indicating its potential for safe agricultural application.

Integration of National Values and Folk Oral Creativity in the Upbringing of Preschool Children

Muradxanova Munisaxon Ikrom qizi — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The upbringing of preschool children requires pedagogical approaches that support moral development, cultural identity, and social adaptation from an early age. This study examines the integration of national values and folk oral creativity in preschool education as an effective means of shaping children’s ethical behavior, worldview, and emotional responsiveness. National values, including respect for elders, kindness, cooperation, patriotism, and family solidarity, serve as a moral foundation for children’s personality formation. At the same time, folk oral creativity, such as fairy tales, proverbs, riddles, songs, and legends, provides rich educational content that is accessible, memorable, and emotionally engaging for young learners. Within the Uzbek context, the use of oral heritage in preschool practice contributes to the preservation of cultural traditions while strengthening children’s speech, imagination, and social understanding. The study emphasizes that the pedagogically guided integration of national values and folk oral literature can enhance the effectiveness of preschool upbringing by combining moral instruction with culturally meaningful learning experiences.

The Role of the Cultural Component in Teaching Foreign Languages at an Early Age

Odilbekova Ruzanna Quvondiq qizi — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In the context of globalization and increasing intercultural interaction, foreign language education at an early age has gained significant importance. This study explores the role of the cultural component in the process of teaching foreign languages to young learners. The integration of cultural content such as traditions, customs, songs, stories, and everyday communication patterns contributes to the development of learners’ communicative competence, intercultural awareness, and motivation. The research emphasizes that culturally enriched language instruction supports not only linguistic development but also social adaptation and tolerance. Using observational insights and pedagogical analysis, the study highlights that children exposed to culturally meaningful language materials demonstrate higher engagement and improved comprehension. The findings suggest that incorporating cultural elements into early foreign language teaching enhances both cognitive and socio-emotional learning outcomes.

Development of Trolleybus Transport in Uzbekistan and its Introduction to the Fergana Valley

Izzatillo Omonov — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article provides a scientific analysis of the formation, development stages, and crisis factors of the trolleybus transport system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study highlights the environmental advantages of trolleybus transport, its role in passenger transportation in large cities, as well as the factors that influenced its operation during the economic changes of the 1990s.

Effect of Biopreparations and Fertilizer Rates on the Fertility Of Iskandar Variety in Field Conditions

B.K. Ravshanov, Ch.T. Qashqaboeva, Z. X. Madraximov, I. B. Davletov — Mon, 06 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Feeding the rice variety «Iskandar» with mineral fertilizers at different doses and applying the biopreparations «Yer Malhami», «Bist», and «Zamin M» has a positive effect on seedling density. The optimal seedling density is achieved when mineral fertilizers are applied at recommended rates and «Zamin M» is used at a rate of 10 L/t before sowing the seeds. This approach is scientifically justified.

Psychological and Pedagogical Characteristics of Children with Mental Retardation

Sharipova Dilyara Dzhumaniyazovna , Golubeva Takhmina Khusnidinovna — Sun, 12 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of children with intellectual disabilities. It analyzes scientific research on the development of higher mental functions and cognitive activity in this category of children. It also explores key areas of special education aimed at developing cognitive activity and social adaptation in students with intellectual disabilities.

Improvement of Mechanisms of State Support for the Cultivation of Fruit and Vegetable Products for Export and Their Insurance

Kalenov K.T. — Sun, 12 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyses the mechanisms of state support for insuring risks associated with exporting fruit and vegetables in Uzbekistan. The expansion of agricultural exports, particularly in the fruit and vegetable sector, has recently become one of the strategic priorities of national economic policy. In this context, effective risk management tools, including insurance mechanisms, are crucial for ensuring the sustainability and reliability of export operations. Although measures aimed at stimulating agricultural exports were introduced under Presidential Resolution No. PQ 52, the article substantiates that mechanisms for comprehensive export risk insurance and financial support remain insufficiently developed. This constrains exporters' ability to mitigate external shocks, including price volatility, currency fluctuations and logistical disruptions.

The study uses institutional, comparative and systemic analysis methods to examine the existing framework and identify key gaps in the current export risk insurance system. Particular attention is given to the role of state institutions, financial intermediaries and insurance organisations in supporting agricultural producers with an export focus. The comparative approach enables the evaluation of international best practices, while systemic analysis provides a holistic understanding of the interaction between policy instruments and market mechanisms.

Several mechanisms have been proposed as a result, including export credit insurance, the establishment of a public–private partnership-based reinsurance fund, parametric insurance, subsidisation of currency risk hedging and differentiated insurance subsidies. These instruments are designed to enhance risk sharing between the state and the private sector, improve access to insurance services and reduce the financial burden on exporters. The proposed measures aim to ensure the stability of fruit and vegetable exports and enhance their competitiveness in international markets. Furthermore, their implementation is expected to contribute to the development of a more resilient and efficient agricultural export system in Uzbekistan.

Modern Approaches To Improving Corporate Governance In Commercial Banks Based On International Standards

Aida Mirzayevna Saidaxmedova — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines modern approaches to improving corporate governance in commercial banks, focusing on international standards in the context of ongoing digital transformation and increasing global financial integration. It explores how evolving regulatory requirements, technological innovations and risk management frameworks influence the effectiveness of governance structures within banking institutions. It highlights that modernisation of corporate governance is no longer limited to traditional board oversight mechanisms, but increasingly incorporates digital tools, data-driven decision-making and transparent systems aligned with international best practice. Particular focus is given to the role of global standards, such as the Basel Committee principles and OECD guidelines, which are key benchmarks for ensuring accountability, risk control and stakeholder protection in commercial banks. The analysis shows that implementing these standards strengthens internal control systems, improves strategic decision-making processes and increases investor confidence in banking institutions. Furthermore, the article investigates the impact of digital transformation on governance efficiency, particularly with regard to the automation of reporting systems, real-time risk assessment and the integration of artificial intelligence in compliance monitoring. These innovations significantly enhance banks' ability to identify and mitigate operational and financial risks at an early stage. The results of the study provide practical insights into optimising corporate governance mechanisms. They emphasise the need for continuous regulatory adaptation, the professional development of board members and the adoption of advanced technological solutions. Overall, the findings suggest that aligning corporate governance practices with international standards is crucial for ensuring the stability, competitiveness and sustainable development of commercial banks in the modern financial environment.

Managing Commercial Bank Liquidity To Enhance Stability: Advanced Foreign Experience And The Practice Of Uzbekistan

Yuldasheva Kamola Kasimjanovna — Sun, 12 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In the article commerce banks liquidity provide and order in the field By the Central Bank applicable open market of operations role and efficiency analysis Open market transactions in the banking system liquidity level management main monetary from instruments one as looking at them short and far term impact mechanisms scientific basically Research in the process Uzbekistan commerce banks according to statistic information , Central bank official reports and international experience analysis done , open market of operations to liquidity impact empirical evaluated . Results according to this of the instrument effective application banking system stability increase, money and credit of the policy continuous to work contribution addition and in the economy money rotation optimization identified. Article in the end Uzbekistan under the circumstances open market operations further improvement according to scientific based offers given.

Emerging Opportunities for The Expansion of Tourism in The Republic of Karakalpakstan

R.P. Zarikeev — Sun, 12 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the scientific, theoretical and practical foundations of tourism development in the regions, analyzes the current state of tourism development in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, studies the work carried out by the government of our country to develop tourism in this region, and provides recommendations on this matter.

By Delivering Brokerage And Investment Advisory Services, Banks Facilitate Securities Transactions For Investors, Promoting Higher Market Liquidity

Isakov Isobek Janabay ugli — Sun, 12 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper explores the critical role that commercial banks play in the development and deepening of capital markets, particularly in both emerging and developed economies. Capital markets are essential mechanisms for mobilizing long-term funds, fostering investment, and supporting sustainable economic growth. While traditionally perceived as institutions focused on deposit-taking and lending, commercial banks have increasingly expanded their functions to include underwriting of securities, management of investment portfolios, and facilitation of financial intermediation between investors and issuers.

By utilizing a mixed-method approach that includes empirical data analysis, cross-country comparisons, and trend evaluations from 2015 to 2022, this study reveals a robust positive correlation between the scale and efficiency of the banking sector and key indicators of capital market development. These indicators include market capitalization, the number of initial public offerings (IPOs), and the issuance of corporate bonds. Countries with well-capitalized and diversified banking systems demonstrate stronger capital market activity, higher investor confidence, and more stable access to financing for the private sector.

Furthermore, the study identifies how policy frameworks, technological innovations, and institutional capacities of commercial banks influence their effectiveness in supporting capital markets. The findings provide important implications for financial regulators, policymakers, and development strategists who seek to strengthen financial ecosystems by promoting closer integration between banking institutions and capital market infrastructure.

The Role of Foreign Exchange Operations In Enhancing The Economic Efficiency of Commercial Banks

Umida Khamidullayevna Elbusinova — Sun, 12 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines how foreign exchange operations can enhance the economic efficiency of commercial banks in an increasingly globalised and integrated financial market. It analyses the practical aspects of currency operations performed by commercial banks, focusing on their structure, mechanisms and impact on overall banking performance. The study reveals that foreign exchange activities are a key source of income for banks, significantly contributing to their profitability, liquidity management and financial stability. It explores how commercial banks utilise currency operations, such as spot transactions, forward contracts, swaps and conversion services, to optimise financial flows and reduce exposure to exchange rate volatility. The article emphasises that the effective management of foreign exchange risks is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of banking operations and improving competitiveness in both domestic and international markets.

Furthermore, the article identifies key methodological challenges in organising and regulating currency operations, including the accurate assessment of risk, compliance with regulatory frameworks, and the integration of modern digital banking technologies. The analysis shows that introducing advanced analytical tools and automated trading systems enhances decision-making efficiency and reduces operational risks. Based on the evaluation of current practices, the study provides practical recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of foreign exchange operations in commercial banks. These include strengthening risk management systems, expanding the use of digital platforms, improving staff competencies, and optimizing currency portfolio management strategies.

Overall, the findings suggest that the development of foreign exchange operations is a strategic factor in increasing the economic efficiency of commercial banks, ensuring their stability, and enhancing their ability to adapt to dynamic changes in the global financial environment.

Risks And Challenges Of Commercial Banks’ Financial Stability

Sherzod Abdishukurov — Sun, 12 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyzes the internal and external risks affecting the financial stability of commercial banks. Among internal risks, credit, liquidity, currency, and interest rate risks play a primary role, while external risks consist of inflation and global financial uncertainties. The study demonstrated the impact of risk management, credit portfolio diversification, and operational efficiency on bank stability. The article emphasizes the importance of integrated risk management and offers recommendations for both academic research and practice.

International Practices of Credit Risk Assessment and Management in Banking Systems

Norova Nozima Nabievna — Mon, 13 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines international practices of credit risk assessment and management within modern banking systems. It explores the key methodologies, tools, and regulatory frameworks used by banks across different countries to identify, measure, and mitigate credit risk. The study highlights the role of credit scoring models, risk rating systems, and advanced analytics in improving decision-making processes. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of global standards, such as Basel regulations, on strengthening risk management practices and ensuring financial stability. The paper also compares approaches adopted by developed and developing banking sectors, identifying best practices and existing challenges. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating technology, maintaining strong regulatory compliance, and implementing effective risk governance to enhance the resilience and sustainability of banking institutions.

The Role of Critical Thinking in Foreign Language Teaching

Ne’matullayeva Xilola Lutfulla Kizi — Tue, 14 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In contemporary education, critical thinking has emerged as a fundamental component of effective learning, particularly in foreign language teaching. Beyond linguistic competence, learners are expected to analyze, interpret, and evaluate information in a second or foreign language. This article examines the role of critical thinking in foreign language teaching using the IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) framework. The study explores how integrating critical thinking enhances language proficiency, promotes communicative competence, and fosters learner autonomy. It also identifies key challenges teachers face in implementing critical thinking strategies in language classrooms. The findings suggest that critical thinking significantly contributes to deeper language acquisition, improved problem-solving abilities, and meaningful communication. The article concludes with pedagogical recommendations for incorporating critical thinking into foreign language instruction.

Ai-Guided Phet Inquiry for Correcting Engineering Students’ Misconceptions in Electromagnetism

Murtazayev Zoxid Murtazayevich — Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper proposes an instructional model for reducing engineering students’ misconceptions in electromagnetism through the coordinated use of PhET simulations, inquiry-based tasks, and artificial-intelligence-supported scaffolding. The study is motivated by the persistent difficulty students experience in interpreting electric field, potential, induction, vector direction, and charge interaction as coherent physical relationships rather than disconnected formulas. The article argues that conceptual change becomes more likely when three conditions are established simultaneously: visual access to invisible processes, structured opportunities for prediction and testing, and dialogic feedback that exposes faulty reasoning. Within the proposed model, PhET is treated as an interactive representational environment, while AI functions as a regulated pedagogical mediator that provides prompts, hint sequences, and misconception checks under teacher supervision. The methodological section outlines a quasi-experimental design using baseline diagnostics, CSEM-informed concept questions, reflective writing, and normalized gain analysis. The paper concludes that AI-guided PhET inquiry is especially promising for misconception repair because it links evidence, explanation, and revision in a single instructional cycle.

Developing Technical University Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Electromagnetism Through Artificial Intelligence and Phet Simulations

Turayev Sirojiddin Jo‘raqobilovich — Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the didactic potential of integrating PhET simulations with artificial intelligence-based pedagogical support in teaching electromagnetism to students of technical higher education institutions. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that students’ understanding of such concepts as electric field, potential, induction, and charge interaction is often fragmented and insufficiently structured. The paper proposes an instructional model that combines PhET-based visualization with inquiry-based tasks, AI-supported feedback, reflection, and formative assessment. In addition, a methodological design is outlined on the basis of pre-tests, post-tests, CSEM-type diagnostic questions, normalized gain (n-gain), and qualitative analysis. The study argues that the integration of AI and PhET represents a promising approach to deepening conceptual understanding in engineering education.

Designing A Formative Assessment Framework For Electromagnetism Learning Through Phet Simulations And Artificial Intelligence

Ismoilov Davron Maxmadaliyevich — Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article develops a formative-assessment-oriented framework for teaching electromagnetism with the support of PhET simulations and artificial intelligence. Rather than focusing only on end-of-unit achievement, the paper treats assessment as a continuous process for diagnosing misconceptions, tracking reasoning patterns, and shaping instructional response. The need for such a framework arises from the well-documented instability of students’ understanding of electric field, potential, induction, and vector relations. The proposed model integrates CSEM-informed diagnostics, simulation-based evidence gathering, AI-mediated feedback, reflective explanation, and teacher validation. Methodologically, the study outlines a mixed assessment design that combines item-level diagnostics, prompt-response traces, short reflections, and normalized gain analysis.

A Model for Developing the Professional Competence of Future Teachers Based on Digital Mindfulness and Digital Wellbeing

Qurbonova Go‘zal Mamatkarimovna, Ubaydullayeva Gullola Hamid qizi — Sat, 18 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes a model for developing professional competence of future teachers based on digital mindfulness and digital wellbeing. It highlights effective activity in digital environments, stress management, and improving pedagogical effectiveness.

Developing Professional Competence of Future Primary Teachers Based an a Creative Approach

Abdumuminova Ozoda Anvarovna — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the pedagogical and methodological necessity of the topic of developing professional competence of future primary school teachers based on a creative approach, and emphasizes the importance of creative thinking in the professional activities of teachers. Creative approaches of teachers increase students' interest in the educational process by using innovative methods and encourage them to actively participate. This process increases the efficiency of students' learning, and also expands teachers' pedagogical, psychological and methodological knowledge. Creative thinking skills play an important role in developing teachers' professional competence. It creates an opportunity for teachers to incorporate creative approaches into their lessons, making their lessons more interesting and effective. Innovative approaches in the educational process further improve the process of students' learning and help them acquire new skills.

Development of Information and Library Centers Using New Technologies

Abdusalamova Yulduzxon Baxromjon qizi — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses the processes of introducing new technologies in information and library centers and their scientific, pedagogical and practical significance. The impact of digitization, electronic libraries, online databases, cloud technologies, RFID and automated systems on library activities is analyzed. The article considers the conveniences created for users, problems and their solutions in a popular scientific style.

Government Bonds Tokenization Could Pave a Wide Way to Asset Tokenization in the Republic of Uzbekistan in General

Abduganiev Abdulaziz Alisher o’g’li — Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

With the advent of tokenization term, many organizations around the globe, have launched own tokenized assets, even nowadays Real-World Assets (RWAs) have been converted their ownership rights in the form of tokens on the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). And there is no exception for bond markets, several countries have deployed DLT to attract capital by means of G-bonds tokenization such as US Treasuries, Tokenized Green Bonds of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and others. Consequently, the crux of this work is to develop asset tokenization in the region via tokenizing government bonds at the Tashkent Stock Exchange.

Ways to Use "Green Lending" Mechanisms in the Banking System of Uzbekistan

Erkinov Farrukh Rustam ugli — Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the main directions for stimulating the economy through green bank loans to accelerate the processes of digitalizing the country's economy and strengthening the link between the financial and banking system and economic reforms. In addition, scientific proposals and practical recommendations have been developed aimed at improving the use of bank credit funds in the development of ways to reduce various toxic gases emitted into the air by expanding renewable energy sources in the republic.

Scientific and Theoretical Views on Sustainable Regional Development with Consideration of Environmental Factors

Reymova Gulmira Polatovna — Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the scientific and theoretical views of foreign, Russian, and domestic scholars, researchers, and experts on the problem of sustainable regional development considering environmental factors. The article is prepared based on modern trends in sustainable regional development with consideration of environmental factors.

Theoretical Basis of The Use of Digital Technologies in The Professional Training of Future Education Teachers

Nasirova Dilfuza — Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the topic "Theoretical foundations of the use of digital technologies in the process of professional training of future teachers of education". The author analyzes the importance of digital technologies in the process of professional training of teachers of education and the theoretical foundations of their introduction into the educational process. Digital technologies play an important role in developing teachers' pedagogical skills, effectively organizing the educational process and increasing student motivation. The article expresses views on various forms of digital technologies, their use in education, as well as their impact on the professional development of teachers. As a result, the article highlights the place and importance of the use of digital technologies in the modern education system, and also emphasizes the need for innovative approaches in the training of teachers in the future.

The Role of Creative Thinking in Individual Intellectual Development

Dekhqonova Surayyo Egamberdiyeva — Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article provides a scientific analysis of the role and significance of creative thinking in the intellectual development of an individual. It examines the essence of creative thinking, its interrelation with cognitive processes, and its integration with divergent and critical thinking. The study also explores the factors influencing the development of creativity, including motivation, the educational environment, and the role of digital technologies. The findings indicate that creative thinking is a key factor in shaping the ability to process knowledge, generate innovative solutions to problems, and enhance intellectual potential. This process plays a crucial role in modern education by fostering the development of independent and competitive individuals capable of critical and innovative thinking.

Development of Meta-Subject Competence in Teachers Based on Edutainment Technologies

Nafisa Ravilovna Xarisova, Kurbanova Go'zal Mamatkarimovna — Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article systematically analyzes the role and significance of the modern educational trend "Edutainment" technology in the professional activities of teachers. The main goal of the study is to substantiate the mechanisms for developing meta-subject competencies in teachers through the synthesis of educational and entertainment elements. The article provides a comparative analysis of the role of edutainment tools in transforming the methodological skills of teachers, the possibilities of ensuring interdisciplinary connections, and indicators of pedagogical effectiveness. The conclusions serve to improve the professional training of teachers based on innovative approaches.

The Emergence of Decadence and Aestheticism in Victorian Literature

Rajabova Muhiba Soporboyevna1 — Sun, 26 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article explores the transition of late-Victorian literature from the moralistic constraints of the early 19th century to the rebellious philosophies of Aestheticism and Decadence. By analyzing the core tenet of l'art pour l'art (art for art's sake), the piece examines how writers like Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde shifted the literary focus from social utility to sensory experience and artifice. It further investigates the "Decadent" fascination with decay, transience, and the subversion of nature, marking the dawn of Modernism.