Scholastic: Journal of Natural and Medical Education

The Immune-Microbiota Axis

2026-04-03T05:13:42+00:00

This document explores the "Immune-Microbiota Axis," highlighting how trillions of microbes act as essential trainers for our immune system. It examines how modern, hyper-sanitized lifestyles and antibiotic overuse deplete microbial diversity, leading to autoimmune disorders and allergies. By understanding this synergy, medical science is moving toward personalized treatments that utilize our "second genome" to optimize health. Modern medicine now recognizes that a patient’s microbial diversity—not just a balance of "good vs. bad" bacteria—determines the success of treatments like vaccines. Overusing antibiotics is like a "scorched-earth" policy; it wipes out the diverse microbial communities that are foundational to our survival and long-term health.

Prevalence of Hypothyroidism Among the Population of the Fergana Valley

2026-04-07T13:36:24+00:00

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder with significant public health implications. However, regional epidemiological data remain limited in many parts of Central Asia, including the Fergana Valley. To assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism among the population of the Fergana Valley and to identify associated demographic and clinical factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of the Fergana Valley. Data were collected through clinical examination and laboratory assessment of thyroid function, including serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels. Hypothyroidism was defined according to standard diagnostic criteria. Demographic variables such as age, gender, and place of residence were analyzed. The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be notable, with higher rates observed among females and older age groups. Subclinical hypothyroidism constituted a significant proportion of cases. Urban–rural differences and potential environmental or nutritional factors (including iodine intake) were also observed. Hypothyroidism represents a significant health concern in the Fergana Valley. Targeted screening, early diagnosis, and public health interventions—particularly related to iodine nutrition—are recommended to reduce disease burden. Hypothyroidism: The primary focus of the study was on thyroid hormone deficiency.Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan): The specific geographic and endemic region (Andijan, Namangan, and Fergana).Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD): The spectrum of diseases related to low iodine intake in the region.Endemic Goiter: The historically high prevalence of thyroid enlargement in the valley.Subclinical Hypothyroidism: The most prevalent form (16.8%) of thyroid dysfunction identified in the study.Prevalence: The statistical measurement of disease distribution among the population.Environmental Goitrogens: External factors like nitrates in groundwater that impair thyroid function.Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA): A common comorbidity (64%) that complicates the thyroid-renal axis.Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC): The biochemical marker used to assess the severity of iodine deficiency.Less-mobile Patients: The specific demographic group with restricted physical activity (immobility).Renal Morphometry: Quantitative measurement of structural changes in the kidneys (e.g., cortical thickness).Thyroid-Renal Interaction: The physiological and pathological link between the thyroid gland and kidney function.

Hygienic Analysis of the Phenomenon of "Digital Visual Syndrome" and "Phantom Vibration" in Medical Students: Psychosomatic Health of Future Doctors

2026-04-12T08:13:51+00:00

This article explores the hygiene aspects of digital visual syndrome (DVS) and phantom vibration syndrome (PVS) among medical students, focusing particularly on their implications for psychosomatic health. In the context of rapid digitalisation and increasing dependence on electronic devices in academic environments, future healthcare professionals are exposed to prolonged screen time, intensive information processing and constant digital communication. These factors can lead to functional visual disturbances and neuropsychological responses that may affect physical and mental well-being.The study examines the determinants of DVS hygiene, including visual fatigue, ocular surface disorders, decreased accommodation capacity and musculoskeletal strain associated with poor ergonomic conditions. Similarly, PVS is analysed as a psychosomatic phenomenon characterised by the false perception of mobile phone vibration or notification alerts, reflecting heightened cognitive load, anxiety and altered sensory processing. The interrelationship between these conditions highlights the broader impact of digital environments on sensory regulation and autonomic nervous system stability.

Particular attention is given to medical students as they are considered a high-risk group due to their intensive academic workload, reliance on digital learning platforms and irregular rest patterns. The article emphasises that persistent exposure to digital stressors may lead to reduced concentration, sleep disturbances, emotional exhaustion and decreased adaptive capacity. These manifestations are interpreted within the framework of psychosomatic medicine, where psychological stress and physiological responses are closely interconnected. The findings underscore the necessity of preventive hygienic strategies, including regulated screen time, ergonomic optimization, visual hygiene practices, and psychoeducational interventions aimed at improving digital behavior. Overall, the study highlights the importance of early identification and management of digital-related syndromes to preserve the psychosomatic health and professional sustainability of future physicians.

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Development of Smart Tourism

2026-04-12T08:28:43+00:00

The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly transformed the global tourism industry, leading to the emergence of smart tourism as an innovative and sustainable development model. Smart tourism integrates advanced information and communication technologies (ICT), big data analytics, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and digital platforms to enhance tourist experiences, improve destination management, and increase competitiveness. This article analyzes the key factors influencing the development of smart tourism, including technological infrastructure, government policy and institutional support, human capital and digital literacy, investment and financial resources, stakeholder collaboration, and innovation ecosystems.

The study also examines the role of smart governance, data-driven decision-making, and sustainable development principles in shaping smart tourism destinations. By identifying both internal and external determinants, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of the conditions necessary for successful smart tourism implementation. The findings highlight that technological readiness alone is insufficient; coordinated policies, public-private partnerships, and digital transformation strategies are essential for long-term growth. The article contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of smart tourism development and offers recommendations for policymakers and industry stakeholders.

Application of interactive methods and electronic resources in studying the activity of the cardiovascular system

2026-04-12T09:49:18+00:00

This article examines the potential of interactive teaching methods in studying the cardiovascular system using electronic educational resources. Their role in enhancing students' cognitive activity, developing biological concepts, and developing critical thinking is substantiated. It is demonstrated that the use of multimedia models, virtual laboratories, and online platforms facilitates a more visual understanding of complex physiological processes. Particular attention is paid to individualizing learning and enhancing learning motivation. A conclusion is drawn regarding the effectiveness of integrating interactive methods and digital technologies in biology teaching.

Academic Challenges Faced by Radiography Students in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria

2026-04-15T13:29:28+00:00

Academic challenges faced by students can be very demanding because the student is also faced with the responsibility of managing their workload and time, learning and completion of assignments and projects in strict deadlines. This study aims to identify the academic challenges faced by Radiography students at Nnamdi Azikiwe University. Questionnaires was used for data collection and a sample of about 267 respondents was used to evaluate this problem. Descriptive analysis was primarily used to analyze the data. The mean response of the challenges encountered by radiography students were, Lectures (challenges pertaining to lecturers), Lectures, Classroom/Lecture halls, Curriculum, and inadequate machines available for practicals. The mean and standard deviation of the data recovered, showed that the male gender and respondents in the age group 30-34 years are more prone to the above stated five challenges. Chi-square test, there was no significant relationship between the challenges encountered and the socio-demographics of the respondents. The study showed that Radiography students of Nnamdi Azikiwe university face a significant number of academic challenges. Major challenges faced are Lectures, Classroom/Lecture halls, Curriculum, and Others. The study can be used to generalized the academic challenges faced by Nigeria students.