Analysis of Macroscopic and Microscopic Changes in the Pathological Anatomy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, pathological anatomy, macroscopic changes, microscopic morphology, diabetic nephropathy of the islets of Langerhans, diabetic cardiomyopathy, Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome, β-cell apoptosis, amyloid depositsAbstract
This article provides a comprehensive pathological anatomical analysis of the macroscopic and microscopic morphological changes that occur in various body systems in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Autopsy and biopsy materials (pancreas, kidney, liver, heart, and peripheral vascular tissues) from 87 deceased patients diagnosed with type 2 DM were studied. Macroscopic examination revealed typical findings including atrophy of the pancreas (78.2%), fatty dystrophy of the liver (62.1%), glomerulosclerosis of the kidneys (48.3%), and cardiomegaly of the heart (43.7%). Microscopic examination revealed hyalinization of the Langerhans islets and amyloid deposits (91.4%), A 60–80% reduction in the number of β-cells, 2–3-fold thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome), and arteriolar hyalinosis (76.4%) were noted. The results morphologically confirm that type 2 DM is a systemic pathological process involving multiple organs.
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