Well-Treatment Approaches for Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children and Adults
Keywords:
adenoid hypertrophy, enlarged adenoids, adenoiditis, nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, antibiotics, intranasal corticosteroids, adenoidectomy, sleep apnea, otorhinolaryngologyAbstract
Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of chronic nasal obstruction in children and remains an important clinical problem in otorhinolaryngology. Enlarged adenoids may disturb normal nasal breathing, cause mouth breathing, snoring, recurrent rhinosinusitis, otitis media, hearing impairment and sleep-related breathing disorders. Although adenoid tissue normally regresses with age, persistent or pathological enlargement may lead to functional, developmental and infectious complications. In adults, adenoid hypertrophy is uncommon and therefore requires more careful diagnostic assessment, as it may be associated with chronic inflammation, allergy, smoking, air pollution, reflux disease or, rarely, neoplastic processes. This article discusses the main treatment approaches for adenoid hypertrophy in children and adults. Conservative management, antibiotic therapy, intranasal corticosteroids, allergy control, saline irrigation, physiotherapy, breathing exercises, supportive home care and surgical treatment are reviewed. The article emphasizes that treatment should be chosen not only according to the size of the adenoids, but also according to symptoms, complications, age of the patient and underlying causes.
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