Prevalence of Hypothyroidism Among the Population of the Fergana Valley

Abstract

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder with significant public health implications. However, regional epidemiological data remain limited in many parts of Central Asia, including the Fergana Valley. To assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism among the population of the Fergana Valley and to identify associated demographic and clinical factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of the Fergana Valley. Data were collected through clinical examination and laboratory assessment of thyroid function, including serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels. Hypothyroidism was defined according to standard diagnostic criteria. Demographic variables such as age, gender, and place of residence were analyzed. The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be notable, with higher rates observed among females and older age groups. Subclinical hypothyroidism constituted a significant proportion of cases. Urban–rural differences and potential environmental or nutritional factors (including iodine intake) were also observed. Hypothyroidism represents a significant health concern in the Fergana Valley. Targeted screening, early diagnosis, and public health interventions—particularly related to iodine nutrition—are recommended to reduce disease burden.  Hypothyroidism: The primary focus of the study was on thyroid hormone deficiency.Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan): The specific geographic and endemic region (Andijan, Namangan, and Fergana).Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD): The spectrum of diseases related to low iodine intake in the region.Endemic Goiter: The historically high prevalence of thyroid enlargement in the valley.Subclinical Hypothyroidism: The most prevalent form (16.8%) of thyroid dysfunction identified in the study.Prevalence: The statistical measurement of disease distribution among the population.Environmental Goitrogens: External factors like nitrates in groundwater that impair thyroid function.Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA): A common comorbidity (64%) that complicates the thyroid-renal axis.Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC): The biochemical marker used to assess the severity of iodine deficiency.Less-mobile Patients: The specific demographic group with restricted physical activity (immobility).Renal Morphometry: Quantitative measurement of structural changes in the kidneys (e.g., cortical thickness).Thyroid-Renal Interaction: The physiological and pathological link between the thyroid gland and kidney function.