Congenital Anomalies in Newborns: Public Health Challenges and Prevention
Keywords:
Congenital anomalies, newborn health, prenatal screening, maternal risk factors, public health, Uzbekistan, neonatal mortality, preventionAbstract
Congenital anomalies remain a significant contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These structural or functional defects present at birth may result from genetic, environmental, nutritional, or infectious factors. In Uzbekistan, demographic growth, improvements in maternal health services and expanded prenatal screening programs have increased attention to early detection and prevention of birth defects. This paper examines the epidemiological trends, risk factors, and preventive strategies for congenital anomalies in newborns, with emphasis on national healthcare initiatives, prenatal diagnostics, and maternal education. Strengthening perinatal care systems and community awareness is essential for reducing long-term disability and improving neonatal outcomes.
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